![]() The mechanisms through which amyloid deposits provoke an inflammatory response are not fully understood, but it is believed that these receptors cooperate in the recognition, internalization, and clearance of Aβ and in cell activation. Aβ activates microglia through a variety of innate immune receptors expressed on these cells. In AD, microglia play a dual role in disease progression, being essential for clearing Aβ deposits and releasing cytotoxic mediators. Microglia cells are the resident macrophages of the brain and act as the first line of defense in the central nervous system. ![]() However, increasing evidence suggests that inflammation also plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. For many years, research has been focused on Aβ accumulation in senile plaques, as these aggregations were perceived as the main cause of the neurodegeneration found in AD. ![]() The hallmarks of AD pathogenesis include deposition of amyloid β (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health problem with substantial economic and social impacts around the world. ![]()
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